颜文姜祠

　　

    博山区位于山东省中部，淄博市南端，是一个文化资源和文化积淀相对丰厚的区域。历史上既有包括“一代帝师”孙廷铨在内的六位尚书先贤，又有与蒲松龄、王渔洋并称孝妇河畔三大历史文化名人的清代现实主义诗人赵执信，还有象征民间文化价值取向和孝文化代表的颜文姜。近年来，博山区先后荣获国家重点风景名胜区、中国陶瓷琉璃艺术之乡、中国泵业名城、中国琉璃之乡、中国鲁菜名城等荣誉称号。     博山区古称颜神。追溯远古，曾为东夷先民衍生之地，齐界鲁疆裂分于此。考探文物，居淄博市地上地下文物丰富地区之一，以地上文物（古建筑较多）著称于世。颜文姜祠就是博山最有代表性的一组古建筑群。

　　博山孝文化历史悠久，源远流长，自古就有“海上仙山”、“华夏孝乡”之美誉，是中华孝文化的重要发祥地之一。孝妇颜文姜“忍辱负重，孝敬公婆”的故事在博山及周边地区代代相传，妇孺皆知。颜文姜祠的兴建，源于颜文姜和孝妇河的传说，据《齐乘》记载“齐有孝妇颜文姜事姑孝养，远道取水，不以寒暑易心，感得灵泉生于室内，文姜常以缉笼盖之。姑怪其须水即得，值姜不在，入室发笼观之，水即喷涌，坏其居宅。故呼为笼水，今孝妇河也，出益都县颜神镇孝妇祠下。”颜文姜则因这一美丽动人的传说而被人们神化，奉为神明，并为之立庙建祠。宋熙宁八年六月《中书门下牒文》记载：“唐天宝五年立庙于水次。”《［乾隆］博山县志》载，颜文姜祠“后周时建，唐天宝间重建”。到了标榜以孝治天下的宋代，更有人将颜文姜附会成孔子大弟子，复圣颜渊的后裔，于是身价倍增，熙宁八年宋神宗敕封颜文姜为“顺德夫人”，并“赐灵泉庙为额”，元代又被封为“卫国夫人”。颜文姜祠在宋元时初具规模，以后明、清、民国至近现代都有重修和扩建。博山先民为纪念颜文姜，把她尊为“颜神”，把她堵的泉源称为“灵泉”，把流淌的泉水命名为“孝妇河”。源于颜文姜祠内灵泉的孝妇河，仅淄博市境内流程就达77公里，横穿博山、淄川，经张店，绕周村，入桓台马踏湖，后经博兴、广饶等地入小清河，注入渤海，全长117公里，而且像世界上任何一条大江大河一样，她也哺育了繁荣与昌盛，是非常宝贵的城市资源，她滋润着两岸发达的经济和灿烂的文化，被誉为淄博市的“母亲河”。可以说，千年史迹，历史的古风遗韵已经深深地浸入到山城（博山）的肌理之中；千年沧桑，慈善思想在这方土地上不断延续发展，铸造了博山人豁达厚道、淳朴善良、扶危济困、乐善好施的优良传统美德。

　　颜文姜祠，又名“灵泉庙”，“顺德夫人祠”，俗称“大庙”，位于博山区山头镇北神头村，全祠前部南北长64米，东西宽61米；后部南北长130米，东西宽85米。主要建有山门、香亭、灵泉、东西两庑、正殿、寝殿、姊妹殿、大门、重檐六角亭、南北配殿、重檐大殿、八角阁、长廊及配房等，是一组拥有六进院落、殿房一百零五间，占地面积约一万四千八百六十余平方米的古建筑群。2006年5月25日颜文姜祠被国务院公布为第六批全国重点文物保护单位，2009年被评为为国家3A级景区。

    颜文姜祠在宋元时期初具规模，以后明、清、民国至近现代都有重修和扩建。在1956年曾被列为省级重点文物保护单位。1957年人民政府拨款将其修整后，一度辟为淄博市博物馆。“十年浩劫”中，颜文姜祠遭受严重破坏，趋于颓废。1981年人民政府再次拨出维修专款二十六万元，聘请曲阜文物管理委员会古建维修队按原貌修复，历时一年，于1982年9月主要建筑修葺竣工。1982年11月组建博山区文物管理所，进驻颜文姜祠内办公和具体管理。1984年10月在祠内建立淄博陶瓷博物馆。1990年底将在神头北端（旧称奶奶林）发掘的金代壁画墓整体迁至颜文姜祠内陈列、保护。1992年6月20日省政府行文再度公布颜文姜祠为第2批省级重点文物保护单位。1993年秋，市、区人民政府拨款三十万元，再次对该祠按原貌全面整修，并开始恢复重塑中轴线殿宇内十一尊神像，在爷娘殿等四个殿内增设集声、光、电、动功能的《颜文姜的传说》十组群像。1995年仲春在祠内东北角新建钟亭一座，将北神头村民集资捐铸，重达吨余的灵泉钟于其内。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

　　近年来，博山区委、区政府高度重视孝文化的挖掘、开发和利用。于2003年春至2007年秋 ，先后投资700余万元对颜文姜祠进行了大规模扩建，修建了姊妹殿和二十四孝蜡像馆，建成了具有园林特色的孝园；编排了京剧《颜文姜》；拍摄了孝文化电视连续剧《俺爹俺娘》和《焦裕禄》；牵头成立了中国（博山）华夏孝文化研究会和山东孝文化研究会。 2007年以来，博山区成功举办了六届孝文化旅游节，组织评选了“孝感中国文化大使”、 “孝感鲁鄂模范人物”、“山东十大孝星”、“孝感博山十佳孝妇”， 举办了孝文化旅游线路开通、孝乡美食节等一系列活动，在社会上产生了强烈反响。这些文化设施的建成、文化资源的挖掘和文化活动的开展，为丰富孝文化内涵，传承孝文化精粹，打造孝文化品牌构筑了一个更好触摸历史发展脉络的广阔平台。

　　在颜文姜祠北侧，新辟建占地面积为1.2万平方米的文姜广场，洁白的大理石颜文姜汲水雕像通高16.8米（座高1.8米，身高15米），由76块大理石组成，总重量为1200吨（包括底座），耸立在凤凰山东麓，颜文姜古祠与雕像相得益彰，已成为博山标志性建筑物和光亮名片。

　　在颜文姜祠东南侧，紧紧围绕文姜祠的配套改造建设工程，修复了建于清末民初的“药王庙”，把孝妇河治理纳入文姜祠又一扩建工程整体内容，引神头村的灵泉、雪浪泉、大洪泉三大名泉入平湖，筹建了自然风光和人文景观相映成趣、完美结合的文姜湖公园，不逊于济南大明湖景区，成为省、市、区领导多次点评工程。既为颜文姜祠创造了一个良好的周边环境，又是对孝文化的有力弘扬。成为让世人了解博山，认识博山，走进休闲人居博山的一处靓丽游览圣地。

　　博山颜文姜祠主体建筑风格独特，有较高的历史、艺术、科学价值，堪称“山东古建筑一绝”。近几十年来，虽经几次小修小补，该祠中轴线殿宇大部分仍存有斗拱脱位、倾斜，覆瓦破碎、房面漏雨，檀椽腐朽，墙体倾裂，廊柱卯榫脱接等情况，严重威胁着古建筑及游览观众安全，亟待维修，以确保这组古建筑完好无损；颜文姜祠大殿下面涌出泉眼的景观极为罕见，每年的汛期，灵泉水量极大，水位上涨迅速，排水如有不畅，对大殿造成一定威胁，急需对祠内整个排水做一个科学、适用的规划，确保排水通畅；同时颜文姜祠安全防范和消防设施建设极为薄弱，亟需对整个祠内的消防、安保设施做一个系统规划，消除安全隐患，确保国保单位安全。

　　一个地区的进步，不只是繁荣的经济，更应该体现这个地区历史、传统和风情的特色文化与现代文明有机而合理的搭配。孝文化是中华民族的传统文化，继承和发扬这一珍贵文化遗产，有助于提倡人格平等、义务并行、注重感情、强调自律的社会良好风气，有助于形成和谐的社会关系和与人和睦的社会风尚，有助于和谐社会的构建和经济社会发展的全面进步。颜文姜祠作为博山具有战略发展和传承中华民族优秀传统文化的载体，对于提升博山文化品位，推动孝妇河流域文化开发，促进地区经济发展，必将发挥积极作用。